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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and comparisons of 2594 high school football athletes who sustained concussion in the early, mid, and late season

From: Initial symptom presentation after high school football-related concussion varies by time point in a season: an initial investigation

Mean (SD) or n (%)

Early season (n = 418)

Midseason (n = 2078)

Late season (n = 98)

Total (n = 2594)

F/χ2

p value*

Demographic factors

 Age

15.25 (1.19)

15.31 (1.23)

15.76 (1.23)

15.3 (1.23)

6.97

0.001

 History of concussion

116 (27.8)

596 (28.7)

34 (35.4)

746 (28.8)

2.29

0.32

 Years playing at HS level

1.65 (1.90)

1.73 (1.96)

2.13 (2.40)

1.73 (1.97)

3.88

0.21

 Gender (male)

418 (100)

2074 (99.90)

98 (100)

2590

1.00

0.61

 Handedness (right)

350 (83.37)

1792 (86.23)

84 (85.71)

2226 (85.81)

2.81

0.59

 Country (USA)

418 (100)

2068 (99.50)

98 (100.00)

2584 (99.61)

2.49

0.65

 ADHD

58 (13.86)

282 (13.57)

12 (12.24)

352 (13.57)

0.20

0.91

 Learning disorder

36 (8.6)

196 (9.43)

10 (10.20)

242 (9.32)

0.33

0.85

 Days since injury

4.09 (1.69)

4.24 (1.68)

4.18 (1.73)

4.21 (1.68)

1.52

0.22

Treatment history

 Headaches

44 (10.50)

260 (12.90)

12 (12.80)

316 (12.18)

1.08

0.58

 Migraines

36 (9.10)

146 (7.30)

6 (6.40)

188 (7.24)

1.72

0.42

 Epilepsy/seizures

0 (0.00)

18 (0.90)

0 (0.00)

18 (0.69)

4.50

0.11

 Brain surgery

0 (0.00)

4 (0.20)

0 (0.00)

4 (0.15)

0.99

0.61

 Meningitis

2 (0.50)

14 (0.70)

2 (2.10)

18 (0.69)

2.81

0.25

 Alcohol/substance abuse

0 (0.00)

2 (0.10)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.07)

0.49

0.78

 Depression/anxiety

8 (2.00)

46 (2.30)

2 (2.10)

56 (2.15)

0.15

0.93

Baseline neurocognitive and symptom scores

 Verbal memory

81.73 (10.31)

82.78 (10.16)

83.08 (10.49)

82.62 (10.20)

6.69

0.001

 Visual memory

72.46 (12.95)

74.14 (12.83)

70.24 (13.90)

73.74 (12.83)

0.82

0.44

 Visual motor speed

34.72 (6.26)

35.19 (6.95)

35.00 (6.14)

35.11 (6.79)

1.05

0.35

 Reaction time

0.63 (0.09)

0.63 (0.09)

0.62 (0.08)

0.63 (0.09)

11.02

< 0.001

 Total symptom score

6.02 (10.60)

4.35 (7.95)

4.54 (8.37)

4.54 (8.37)

1.88

0.15

  1. Italics indicates selection of covariates to control for in outcome measure statistical modeling
  2. *p values of one-way ANOVAs (continuous variables) and chi-square analyses (χ2; binary and categorical variables) for comparison of those who sustained concussion in the early, mid, or late season