From: A video review of multiple concussion signs in National Rugby League match play
Combination of signs observed | N (%) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | Positive predictive value (95% CI) | Negative predictive value (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clutch/shake head + slow to get up | 27 (17.3) | 0.20 (0.12–0.28) | 0.84 (0.80–0.90) | 0.44 (0.27–0.63) | 0.63 (0.59–0.67) |
Clutch/shake head + slow to get up + vacant stare | 21 (13.5) | 0.13 (0.07–0.21) | 0.87 (0.82–0.91) | 0.38 (0.20–0.60) | 0.62 (0.59–0.65) |
Clutch/shake head + slow to get up + gait ataxia | 17 (10.9) | 0.10 (0.04–0.17) | 0.89 (0.85–0.93) | 0.35 (0.31–0.46) | 0.61 (0.59–0.64) |
Unresponsiveness + clutch/shake head + slow to get up + vacant stare + gait ataxia | 15 (9.6) | 0.10 (0.05–0.17) | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | 0.40 (0.18–0.66) | 0.62 (0.59–0.65) |
Unresponsiveness + slow to get up + vacant stare + gait ataxia | 14 (9.0) | 0.07 (0.02–0.13) | 0.90 (0.87–0.94) | 0.29 (0.10–0.57) | 0.61 (0.59–0.63) |
Clutch/shake head + slow to get up + vacant stare + gait ataxia | 14 (9.0) | 0.07 (0.02–0.13) | 0.90 (0.87–0.94) | 0.29 (0.10–0.57) | 0.61 (0.59–0.63) |
Slow to get up + vacant stare + gait ataxia | 12 (7.7) | 0.07 (0.02–0.13) | 0.92 (0.89–0.96) | 0.33 (0.12–0.64) | 0.61 (0.59–0.64) |
Unresponsiveness + clutch/shake head + slow to get up + vacant stare | 9 (5.8) | 0.03 (0.01–0.09) | 0.93 (0.91–0.96) | 0.22 (0.04–0.59) | 0.61 (0.59–0.63) |
Unresponsiveness + slow to get up + gait ataxia | 5 (3.2) | 0.02 (0.00–0.06) | 0.96 (0.95–0.98) | 0.20 (0.01–0.70) | 0.61 (0.60–0.63) |
Slow to get up + vacant stare | 4 (2.6) | 0.02 (0.00–0.05) | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) | 0.25 (0.01–0.78) | 0.61 (0.61–0.63) |
Clutch/shake head + gait ataxia | 3 (1.9) | 0.05 (0.02–0.05) | 1.00 (0.98–1.00) | 1.00 (0.31–1.00) | 0.63 (0.61–0.63) |
Slow to get up + gait ataxia | 3 (1.9) | 0.02 (0.00–0.04) | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) | 0.33 (0.02–0.87) | 0.61 (0.61–0.63) |
Unresponsiveness + seizure + clutch/shake head + slow to get up + vacant stare + gait ataxia | 3 (1.9) | 0.02 (0.00–0.04) | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) | 0.33 (0.02–0.87) | 0.61 (0.61–0.63) |
Unresponsiveness + gait ataxia | 2 (1.3) | 0.02 (0.00–0.03) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.50 (0.03–0.97) | 0.62 (0.61–0.62) |
Unresponsiveness + slow to get up + vacant stare | 1 (0.6) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.95) | 0.61 (0.61–0.62) |
Unresponsiveness + clutch/shake head + slow to get up + gait ataxia | 1 (0.6) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.95) | 0.61 (0.61–0.62) |