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Table 3 Plasma concentrations of Nt-proANP, Nt-proBNP, adrenaline, and noradrenaline before and after dives

From: The Key Roles of Negative Pressure Breathing and Exercise in the Development of Interstitial Pulmonary Edema in Professional Male SCUBA Divers

 

Static PPB

Static NPB

Exercise PPB

Exercise NPB

Pre-dive (A)

Post-dive (A′)

Pre-dive (B)

Post-dive (B′)

Pre-dive (C)

Post-dive (C′)

Pre-dive (D)

Post-dive (D′)

Hormone

 Adrenaline (pg mL−1)

43.2 ± 2.3

33.3 ± 2.2a

43.9 ± 1.9

33.5 ± 2.1a

44.8 ± 1.5

76.5 ± 5.5ac

44.3 ± 2.1

76.2 ± 5.6ac

 Noradrenaline (pg mL−1)

305 ± 45

302 ± 35

291 ± 64

291 ± 73

295 ± 62

690 ± 49abc

289 ± 52

715 ± 57ac

 Nt-proANP(nmol L−1)

0.55 ± 0.21

1.89 ± 0.27a

0.41 ± 0.17

1.73 ± 0.27a

0.45 ± 0.19

2.63 ± 0.26ac

0.47 ± 0.23

4.57 ± 0.28abc

 Nt-proBNP (pmol L−1)

5.72 ± 0.62

6.28 ± 0.60

6.08 ± 0.72

5.89 ± 0.60

6.09 ± 0.64

5.72 ± 0.52

5.89 ± 0.65

5.94 ± 0.58

DLCO

 DLCO (mL min−1 mm−1 Hg−1)

35.2 ± 2.8

35.4 ± 3.4

35.1 ± 4.1

35.2 ± 3.8

35.6 ± 3.5

33.5 ± 4.3a

35.4 ± 3.8

31.1 ± 4.2abc

 DLCO/VA (mL min−1 mm−1 g−1 L−1)

4.8 ± 0.4

4.5 ± 0.5

4.7 ± 0.5

4.7 ± 0.4

4.7 ± 0.5

4.1 ± 0.3a

4.7 ± 0.5

3.9 ± 0.3ab

  1. Plasma concentration was determined before and after each dive. Time-and condition-linked differences in each variable were assessed using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (with the post hoc test).
  2. Static PPB static (rest) dive with positive pressure breathing setting, Static NPB static dive with negative pressure breathing setting, Exercise PPB and Exercise NPB exercises dives with respectively positive and negative pressure breathing conditions, Nt-proANP N-terminal fraction of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide, Nt-proBNP N-terminal fraction of pro-brain natriuretic peptide, TLCO lung transfer factor for carbon monoxide, TLCO/VA ratio of lung transfer factor for carbon monoxide to alveolar volume assessed during the apnea maneuver
  3. aPost-dive different from pre-dive in the same session
  4. bNPB different from PPB
  5. cPost-exercise dive different from post-static dive in similar transpulmonary pressure condition