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Table 2 Metabolites differentiating between moderate- and high-endurance athletes (Bonferroni significance)

From: A pilot study comparing the metabolic profiles of elite-level athletes from different sporting disciplines

Metabolite

Sub-pathway

Fold change

Bonferroni p value

1-stearoyl-GPC (18:0)

Lysolipid

− 0.15595

1.72E-05

Vanillylmandelate (VMA)

Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism

0.415133

2.29E-05

21-hydroxypregnenolone disulfate

Steroid

0.365863

0.000107398

Palmitoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (16:0/18:2) [2]*

Diacylglycerol

− 0.46764

0.000130998

Tartronate (hydroxymalonate)

 

0.290077

0.000657114

Palmitoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (16:0/18:2) [1]*

Diacylglycerol

− 0.42202

0.00090176

1-palmitoleoyl-GPC (16:1)*

Lysolipid

− 0.22642

0.001172265

Cortisone

Steroid

0.395892

0.001489996

Citrate

TCA cycle

0.200056

0.001784274

Succinimide

Polyamine metabolism

0.279317

0.002636335

Stearoylcarnitine (C18)

Fatty acid metabolism (acyl carnitine)

− 0.28394

0.002953686

Trans-4-hydroxyproline

Urea cycle; arginine and proline metabolism

− 0.27783

0.00295413

4-guanidinobutanoate

Polyamine metabolism

− 0.44969

0.003796483

Dihomo-linoleoylcarnitine (C20:2)*

Fatty acid metabolism (acyl carnitine)

−0.33166

0.005028391

1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-oleoyl-GPC (P-16:0/18:1)*

Plasmalogen

0.145176

0.005178692

1-palmitoyl-GPC (16:0)

Lysolipid

− 0.11595

0.005429078

Linoleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:2/18:2) [1]*

Diacylglycerol

− 0.54301

0.005827373

Gamma-glutamylglutamate

Gamma-glutamyl amino acid

− 0.42069

0.006242208

Pregnanediol-3-glucuronide

Steroid

0.44061

0.006441558

Palmitoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (16:0/20:4) [2]*

Diacylglycerol

− 0.47247

0.008366458

1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-GPC (16:0/18:0)

Phospholipid metabolism

− 0.1648

0.009358338

Cortisol

Steroid

0.471022

0.009967366

Linoleoyl-linolenoyl-glycerol (18:2/18:3) [2]*

Diacylglycerol

− 0.53635

0.012030273

Homoarginine

Urea cycle; arginine and proline metabolism

− 0.22816

0.013313047

Palmitoleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (16:1/18:2) [1]*

Diacylglycerol

− 0.42989

0.015554355

Lactosyl-N-palmitoyl-sphingosine (d18:1/16:0)

Sphingolipid metabolism

0.131658

0.017917489

3-hydroxydecanoate

Fatty acid, monohydroxy

0.346756

0.018411909

Pregnenolone sulfate

Steroid

0.332031

0.01854452

Pregnenolone steroid monosulfate*

Steroid

0.292548

0.024089561

Leukotriene B4

Eicosanoid

− 0.84063

0.027085708

Vanillactate

Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism

0.214757

0.028124765

12-HETE

Eicosanoid

− 0.63302

0.028449419

Acetylcarnitine (C2)

Fatty acid metabolism (acyl carnitine)

0.337317

0.033107027

N1-methyladenosine

Purine metabolism, adenine containing

0.121048

0.036870759

Isovalerate

Leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism

− 0.52129

0.039358891

5-hydroxylysine

Lysine metabolism

− 0.39575

0.040606024

1,3,7-trimethylurate

Xanthine metabolism

0.671617

0.045828468

Fructose

Fructose, mannose and galactose metabolism

0.391699

0.053677595

  1. Asterisks (*) indicated on IDs of some metabolites refer to compounds that have not been officially confirmed based on a standard, but their identities are known with confidence
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