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Table 2 Mean (±SD) basal serum cortisol and response to insulin tolerance test (ITT)

From: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Functioning in Overtraining Syndrome: Findings from Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS)—EROS-HPA Axis

Cortisol response to ITT (μg/dL)

OTS athletes (OTS)

(n = 14)

Healthy athletes (ATL)

(n = 25)

Non-active subjects (NCS) (n = 12)

Basal

11.6 (± 2.5)

12.5 (± 3.1)

10.9 (± 2.8)

During hypoglycemia

12.4* (± 3.3)

15.9& (± 5.3)

11.8 (± 3.1)

30′ after hypoglycemia

17.9*** (± 2.9)

21.7&&&& (± 3.1)

16.9 (± 4.1)

Absolute increase from basal to 30 min after hypoglycemia

6.3** (± 2.3)

9.2& (± 3.7)

5.9 (± 3.9)

  1.  Differences between OTS and ATL: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.005
  2.  Differences between ATL and NCS: & p < 0.05; &&&& p < 0.001
  3. SD standard deviation