Table 1 Characteristics of previous studies that employed the verification phase to confirm V̇O2max attained during an incremental test to exhaustion
From: The Maximal Oxygen Uptake Verification Phase: a Light at the End of the Tunnel?
Reference | Incremental phase | Recovery phase | Verification phase | Verification during the same session? | V̇O2max during incremental phase (ml min−1) | V̇O2max during verification phase (ml min−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Niemelä et al. [16] | Continuous test on a cycle ergometer (1 min stages) | NA | Supramaximal workload based on highest V̇O2 obtained during incremental test (NSW) | Separate day | 2950 (590) | 3050 (490) |
Stachenfeld et al. [67] | Continuous test on a cycle ergometer (1 min stages) | NA | 115% of peak workload attained during incremental phase. If necessary, a second phase at 125% was performed (NSW). | Separate day | 3280 (−) | 3350 (920) |
Day et al. [28] | Ramp incremental test on a cycle ergometer | NA | 90% of the peak power output attained in the incremental test | Separate day | 3640 (700) | 3640 (700) |
Midgley et al. [35] | Continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 10 min active | 0.5 km/h higher than the last incremental stage completed | Yes | 4041 (455) | 3994 (447) |
Exact same test | 10 min active | Exact same test | Yes | 4010 (379) | 4029 (432) | |
Rossiter et al. [29] | Ramp incremental test on a cycle ergometer. | 5 min active | 95% of the peak power output attained in the incremental test. | Yes | 4105 (478) | 4117 (528) |
Ramp incremental test on a cycle ergometer. | 5 min active | 105% of the peak power output attained in the incremental test. | Yes | 4149 (502) | 4090 (446) | |
Midgley et al. [37] | Continuous test on a treadmill. (1 min stages). | 5 min passive | 0.5 km/h higher than the last incremental stage completed. | Yes | 4093 (538) | 4068 (531) |
Discontinuous test on a treadmill (2 min stages and 30 s between) | 5 min passive | 1 km/h higher than the last incremental stage completed. | Yes | 4096 (516) | 4075 (522) | |
Discontinuous test on a treadmill (3 min stages and 30 s between) | 5 min passive | 1 km/h higher than the last incremental stage completed | Yes | 3980 (488) | 4071 (531) | |
Hawkins et al. [32] | Continuous test on a treadmill (2 min stages) | NA | Work load correspondent to ≥ 130% V̇O2max | Separate day | 63.3 (6.3) ml kg−1 min−1 | 62.9 (6.2) ml kg−1 min−1 |
Foster et al. [51] | Continuous test on a cycle ergometer (1 min stages) | 1 min active | 25 W higher than peak power output attained in the incremental test | Yes | 3950 (750) | 4060 (750) |
Continuous test on a treadmill (3 min stages) | 3 min active | 0.8 km/h (women) and 1.6 km/h (men) higher than the last incremental test stage completed | Yes | 4090 (970) | 4030 (1160) | |
Poole et al. [17] | Ramp incremental test on a cycle ergometer | NA | 105% of the peak power output attained in the incremental test | Separate day | 4030 (100) | 3950 (110) |
Astorino et al. [31] | Ramp incremental test on a cycle ergometer | NA | 105% of the peak power output attained in the incremental test | Separate day | 2370 (690) | 2290 (750) |
Continuous test on a treadmill (20 s stages) | 60–90 min passive | 115% of the peak power output attained in the incremental test | Yes | 2670 (600) | 2750 (760) | |
Midgley et al. [36] | Continuous test on a cycle ergometer (1 min stages) | 10 min passive | One stage higher than the last stage attained in the incremental test (NSW) | Yes | 4054 (467) | 3958 (381) |
Continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 10 min passive | One stage higher than the last stage attained in the incremental test (NSW) | Yes | 3863 (394) | 3915 (466) | |
Astorino and White [61] | Continuous test on a cycle ergometer (1 min stages) | 10 min active | One stage higher than the last stage attained in the incremental test | Yes | 2900 (600) | 2900 (600) |
Wood et al. [68] | Continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 5–10 min passive | 0.5 km/h within the last incremental stage completed (NSW) | Yes | 34.5 (7.4)ml kg−1 min−1 | Not reported |
Kirkeberg et al. [41] | Continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 3 min active | Two stages lower than the last stage attained in the incremental test | Yes | 49.24 (5.31) ml kg−1 min−1 | 48.97 (5.95) ml kg−1 min−1 |
Exact same test | 3 min active | Two stages lower than the last stage attained in the incremental test | Yes | 48.90 (5.08) ml kg−1 min−1 | 47.45 (4.48) ml kg−1 min−1 | |
Exact same test | 3 min active | Two stages lower than the last stage attained in the incremental test | Yes | 49.07 (4.70) ml kg−1 min−1 | 48.44 (5.02) ml kg−1 min−1 | |
Scharhag-Rosenberger et al. [40] | Discontinuous test on a treadmill (3 min stages and 20 s between) | 10 min passive | 110% of the velocity attained in the incremental test. If necessary, new verification phase at 115% was performed (NSW). | Yes | 3824 (988) | 3722 (991) |
Discontinuous test on a treadmill (3 min stages and 20 s between) | 10 min passive | 110% of the velocity attained in the incremental test. If necessary, new verification phase at 115% was performed (NSW). | Separate day | 3824 (988) | 3752 (995) | |
Bowen et al. [64] | Ramp incremental test on a cycle ergometer | 5 min active | 95% of the peak power output attained in the incremental test | Yes | 14.5 (3.0)ml kg−1 min−1 | 14.7 (3.1) ml kg−1 min−1 |
Beltrami et al. [69] | Continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 15 min passive/active | One stage higher than the last stage attained in the incremental test (NSW) | Yes | 61.3 (7.8) ml kg−1 min−1 | 61.2 (5.5) ml kg−1 min−1 |
Continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 15 min passive/active | One stage higher than the last stage attained in the incremental test (NSW) | Yes | 61.2 (4.8) ml/kg/min | 60.9 (3.5) ml kg−1 min−1 | |
Leicht et al. [52] | Wheelchair continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 2 min passive + 5 min active | 100% of the velocity attained in the incremental test. However, incline was increased by 0.6%. | Yes | 1574 (354) | 1649 (393) |
Wheelchair continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 2 min passive + 5 min active | 100% of the velocity attained in the incremental test. However, incline was increased by 0.6%. | Yes | 2470 (335) | 2395 (335) | |
Continuous test on a treadmill (40 s stages). | 2 min passive + 5 min active | 100% of the velocity attained in the incremental test. However, incline was increased by 0.3%. | Yes | 3059 (627) | 2978 (530) | |
Mier et al. [24] | Continuous test on a treadmill (2 min stages). | 10 min active | One stage higher than the last stage attained in the incremental test (NSW) | Yes | 53.6 (5,6) | 55.5 (5,6) |
Dalleck et al. [50] | Continuous test on a cycle ergometer (20 s stages for men, 30 s for women) | 5 min active + 60 min passive | 105% of the peak power output attained in the incremental test | Yes | 2329 (762) | 2309 (760) |
Saynor et al. [45] | Ramp incremental test on a cycle ergometer | 5 min active + 10 min passive | 110% of the peak power output attained in the incremental test (NSW) | Yes | 1770 (570) | Not reported |
Sedgeman et al. [42] | Continuous test on a cycle ergometer (1 min stages) | 3 min active | Two stages lower than the last stage attained in the incremental test | Yes | 49.81 (5.49) ml kg−1 min−1 | 49.93 (6.63) ml kg−1 min−1 |
Continuous test on a cycle ergometer (1 min stages) | 3 min active | 105% of the peak power output attained in the incremental test | Yes | 50.10 (6.83) ml kg−1 min−1 | 49.19 (6.74) ml kg−1 min−1 | |
Nolan et al. [44] | Continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 20 min passive | 105% of the work load achieved during the incremental test | Yes | 56.9 (9.6)ml kg−1 min−1 | 57.2 (9.0) ml kg−1 min−1 |
Continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 60 min passive | 105% of the work load achieved during the incremental test | Yes | 56.2 (9.0) ml kg−1 min−1 | 56.2 (9.1) ml kg−1 min−1 | |
Continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 20 min passive | 115% of the work load achieved during the incremental test | Yes | 57.5 (9.2) ml kg−1 min−1 | 56.6 (9.6) ml kg−1 min−1 | |
Continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 60 min passive | 115% of the work load achieved during the incremental test | Yes | 57.1 (8.4)ml kg−1 min−1 | 56.0 (9.6) ml kg−1 min−1 | |
Straub et al. [48] | Ramp incremental test on a cycle ergometer | 10 min passive | 110% of the velocity attained in the incremental test (NSW) | Yes | 3840 (730) | 3840 (680) |
Sawyer et al. [53] | Ramp incremental test on a cycle ergometer | 5–10 min active | 100% of the peak power output attained in the incremental test. | Yes | 2290 (710) | 2340 (670) |
Scheadler and Devor [70] | Continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | NA | Supramaximal work load determined individually (~ 10.2% greater than V̇O2max; NSW). | Separate day | 64.9 (8.2)ml kg−1 min−1 | Not reported |
Colakoglu et al. [71] | Continuous test on a cycle ergometer (4, 2 and 1 min stages) | NA | 100% of the work load achieved during the incremental test. If necessary, new verification phases at 105, 110 and 115% were performed (NSW). | Separate day | 4110 (690) | 4560 (600)* |
Taylor et al. [72] | Continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 15 min passive/active | One stage higher than the last stage attained in the incremental test (NSW) | Yes | 4220 (1050) | 3880 (880) |
Continuous test on a treadmill (1 min stages) | 15 min passive/active | One stage higher than the last stage attained in the incremental test (NSW) | Yes | 4080 (860) | 3880 (870) | |
Weatherwax et al. [43] | Continuous test on a treadmill (15 s stages for men, 20 s for women) | 20 min passive | 0.48 km/h (women) and 0.64 km/h (men) higher than the last incremental test stage completed (NSW) | Yes | 3653 (656) | 3621 (629)* |
Bhammar et al. [49] | Continuous test on a cycle ergometer (1 min stages) | 15 min passive | 105% of the work load achieved during the incremental test (NSW) | Yes | 1570 (270) | 1710 (310)* |
Exact same test | 15 min passive | Exact same test | Yes | 1840 (480) | 1940 (470)* |