Table 7 Modulation of TLR2 and TLR4 after acute aerobic exercise
Authors | Sample | Disease | Intensity and duration | Post-exercise results | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TLR | Cytokine | Other | ||||
Rosa et al. 2011 [40] | Wistar rats | No disease | 70% VO2max, 50 min | ↑TLR4 |  | ↑MyD-88, ↑TRAF6, ↑NF-kBp65 |
Rodriguez-Miguelez et al. 2015 [39] | Wistar rats | No disease | 16 m/min, 90 min/18 bouts/5 min/bout | ↑TLR4 | ↑TNF-α ↑IL α-1β | ↑HIF-1α, ↑VEGF, ↑eNOS, ↑MPO. |
Liao et al. 2010 [136] | Sprague-Dawley rats | No disease | 25 m/min, 1–2 h | ↓TLR4 | ↑TNF-α | ↑TNF-α, ↑NFkB, ↑p65, ↑ROS, ↑endotoxina |
Zbinden-Foncea et al. 2012 [42] | Mice | No disease | 70% of FCmax, two bouts of 60 min | ↑TLR2, ↑TLR4 |  | ↑NEFA, ↑p38MAPK, ↑JNK. |
Tanaka et al. 2010 [138] | Mice | No disease | 9 m/min to exhaustion, 1 acute bout | ↔TLR4 | ↓TNF-α |  |
Ortega et al. 2009 [140] | Adults | No disease | 70% VO2 max,1Â h | Â | Â | Hsp72-induced stimulation of neutrophil chemotaxis disappeared when TLR2 was blocked. |
Lancaster et al. 2005 [133] | Adults | No disease | 65% VO2max, 1.5 h | ↓TLR4, ↓TLR2 | ↓IL-6 |  |
Booth et al. 2010 [35] | Adults | No disease | 60 km distance in the cycle the fastest possible time. Heart rate (bpm) and power output (watts) were monitored | ↑TLR2, ↑TLR4 |  | ↓HLA.DR |
Simpson et al. 2009 [135] | Adults | No disease | 75% VO2max, 45 min | ↓TLR4, ↓TLR2 |  | ↓HLA.DR |
Neubauer et al. 2013 [37] | Adults | No disease | Borg 6–20, 10 km | ↑TLR4 | ↑IL-6 ↔IL-1β ↑IL-10 ↑IL-1ra | ↑IRAK3, ↑creatin kinase 3 h after, ↑plasma myoglobin 3 h after, ↑neutrophil 3 h after |
Oliveira and Gleeson 2010 [134] | Adults | No disease | 75% VO2peak, 1.5 h | ↓TLR4 |  | TLR4 returned to basal levels within 4 h after exercise, ↔TLR2. |
Radom-Aizik et al. 2014 [137] | Adults | No disease | 82% VO2peak, 2-min bouts | ↓TLR4 | ↓TNF-α | ↓CD36 e ↑EREG genes and ↑CXCR4 |
Light et al. 2009 [36] | Adults | Chronic fatigue syndrome | 70% age-predicted maximal heart rate, 5–9 min | ↑TLR4 | ↑IL6 ↑IL1β ↑IL-10 ↑IL13 ↑IL8 ↑IL12 | ↑Pain ↑mental fatigue. ↑α2-A, ↑RNAm of β-2 receptor in leucocytes, ↑COMT RNAm |
White et al. 2012 [118] | Adults | Multiple sclerosis (ME) and fibromyalgia (SDC) | 70% of age-predicted maximal heart rate, 20 min | ME: ↓TLR4 SDC: ↔TLR4 | ME: after 8 h ↔IL-6 ↑IL-10 SDC: after 48 h ↔IL-6 ↑IL-10 | ↑Fatigue ↑pain, ↑adrenergic receptors. |
Li and Geib 2013 [139] | Adults and elderly | No disease | 1 h Tai Chi |  | ↑IL-13 | ↓CD14+CD16+ |