Table 6 Modulation of TLR2 and TLR4 after chronic aerobic exercise
Authors | Sample | Disease | Frequency, intensity, and duration | Post-exercise results | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TLR | Cytokine | Other | ||||
Ma et al. 2013 [13] | Wistar rats | Cerebral ischemia | 5 days/week, 12 m/min, 3 days–2 weeks | ↓TLR4, ↓TLR2 |  | ↓NFkB e ↓MyD88 |
Lira et al. 2010 [76] | Wistar rats | No disease | 5 days/week, 15–25 m/min, 11 weeks | ↓ TLR4 (TR group), ↑TLR4 (R group) | TR group: ↔ TNF-α ↔IL-6 ↔IL-10 | TR group (trained) ↓NFkBp65. OT group (overtrained) and R (resting overtrained): ↓performance decline, ↓testosterone, ↑corticosterone, ↑endotox. ↑IL-6, ↑IL-10, ↑NFkBp65 |
Fashi et al. 2015 [117] | Wistar rats | Pulmonary infection | 5 days/week, mean speed of the group workload, 4 weeks | ↓TLR4 | ↓TNF-α | ↓NF-kB (exe group+PM10) |
Jun et al. 2014 [130] | Sprague-Dawley rats | Ovariectomized rats | 5 days/week, 18–26 m/min, 16 weeks | ↓TLR4 | ↓TNF-α ↔IL-6 | ↓MCP-1 in adipose tissue (moderate trained group). |
Holland et al. 2015 [132] | Sprague-Dawley rats | No disease | 1/day, 30 m/min, 10 days | ↔TLR4 | ↓TNF-α ↔IL-6 ↔IFNy ↔ IL10 | Moderate training: ↔NFkB, ↔CCL2, ↔IL10, ↔NFkBp65 |
Zwagerman et al. 2010 [14] | Sprague-Dawley rats | Stroke | 5 days/week, 30 m/min, 3 weeks | ↓TLR4 |  | ↓Cerebral infarction volume |
Choi et al. 2014 [15] | Sprague-Dawley rats | Alzheimer’s disease | 5 days/week, 2–8 m/min, 6 weeks | ↓TLR4 | ↓TNF-α ↓IL-1α | ↓NF-kB, in the STZ-exe group. ↑Cognitive function |
Zheng et al. 2015 [131] | Adults (members of a university badminton club) | No disease | 3 days/week, no information, 26–32 days | ↑TLR2, ↔TLR4, with or without microbial antigen stimulation | ↑TNF-α ↑IL-6 with or without microbial antigen stimulation |  |
Robinson et al. 2015 [115] | Adults | Pre-diabetes | 1/day, 65–90% peak heart rate, 2 weeks | ↓TLR4, ↓TLR2 | ↔TNF-α ↔IL-6 ↔IL-1β ↔ IL10 | ↓Fasting glucose in group MICT (moderate-intensity continuous training). |
Nickel et al. 2011 [114] | Adults (amateur marathon runners) | Obesity | Training documented with respect to intensity, duration, and kilometers run per week by a written individual protocol, 10 weeks | ↑TLR2 in LNE group (lean-non-elite). ↑TLR4 (all groups). | ↔TNF-α | ↑oxLDL in LE (lean-elite); ↓oxLDL in ONE (obese-non-elite). |
Nickel et al. 2012 [113] | Adults (amateur marathon runners) | Obesity | Training documented with respect to intensity, duration, and kilometers run per week by a written individual protocol, 10 weeks | ↔TLR2, ↔TLR4 | ↑TNF-α (24 h post-marathon) ↑IL-6 and ↑IL-10 (immediately after the run) | ↑BDCA-1, ↓BDCA2, ↓TLR7, ↑PCR, ↔oxLDL |
Ghosh et al. 2015 [74] | Adults and elderly | No disease | 3–4 days/week, 65–80% VO2max, 16 weeks | ↑TLR4 (aged individuals) |  | In elderly: ↑NF-kBp65, ↑NF-kBp50, ↑pJNK, ↑endotoxin, ↔pERK, ↔p-p38, ↑insulin resistance. |