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Table 4 Physiological characteristics of male runner by velocity and different levels of body weight support

From: Physiological and Biomechanical Responses of Highly Trained Distance Runners to Lower-Body Positive Pressure Treadmill Running

 

14.5 km·h−1 (4.03 m·s−1)

Difference between 0% BWS ± 90 CL (ES)a

Difference between BWS ± 90 CL (ES)b

16.1 km·h−1 (4.47 m·s−1)

Difference between 0% BWS ± 90 CL (ES)

Difference between BWS ± 90 CL (ES)

17.7 km·h−1 (4.92 m·s−1)

Difference between 0% BWS ± 90 CL (ES)

Difference between BWS ± 90 CL (ES)

Running economy (VO2 ml·kg−1·min−1)

 0% BWS

45.4 ± 2.4

  

50.6 ± 2.4

  

57.8 ± 2.9

  

 10% BWS

39.6 ± 2.7

− 12.8 ± 4.1 (2.29)

 

44.6 ± 2.1

− 11.9 ± 2.5 (2.39)

 

49.8 ± 3.4

− 13.9 ± 3.2 (2.57)

 

 20% BWS

30.9 ± 1.3

− 31.9 ± 4.2 (6.45)

− 21.9 ± 4.0 (4.16)

36.9 ± 1.3

− 27.2 ± 4.8 (6.00)

− 17.4 ± 4.9 (3.61)

41.3 ± 2.6

− 28.6 ± 5.5 (5.78)

− 17.0 ± 6.1 (3.21)

 30% BWS

28.1 ± 1.6

− 38.1 ± 7.8 (8.04)

− 9.0 ± 4.6 (1.59)

33.9 ± 1.7

− 33.1 ± 3.5 (7.61)

− 8.1 ± 2.7 (1.60)

37.2 ± 2.5

− 35.8 ± 5.8 (7.61)

− 10.1 ± 1.6 (1.83)

Respiratory exchange ratio (VCO2/VO2)

 0% BWS

0.82 ± 0.04

  

0.84 ± 0.03

  

0.86 ± 0.04

  

 10% BWS

0.83 ± 0.04

1.9 ± 1.2 (0.29)

 

0.83 ± 0.03

− 1.2 ± 0.9 (0.24)

 

0.85 ± 0.03

− 1.6 ± 0.7 (0.28)

 

 20% BWS

0.83 ± 0.04

0.1 ± 1.4 (0.02)

0.9 ± 1.6 (0.22)

0.83 ± 0.04

− 1.9 ± 1.9 (0.38)

− 1.1 ± 2.5 (0.21)

0.84 ± 0.04

− 1.3 ± 1.3 (0.21)

− 0.1 ± 2.0 (0.01)

 30% BWS

0.83 ± 0.04

0.2 ± 1.5 (0.03)

− 1.4 ± 1.4 (0.14)

0.83 ± 0.04

− 2.6 ± 2.4 (0.51)

0.0 ± 1.0 (0.00)

0.84 ± 0.03

− 1.2 ± 2.2 (0.20)

− 0.4 ± 2.4 (0.06)

Minute ventilation (L·min−1)

 0% BWS

52.3 ± 5.8

  

56.8 ± 5.7

  

60.4 ± 7.8

  

 10% BWS

50.1 ± 4.6

− 5.2 ± 4.4 (0.38)

 

53.3 ± 4.6

− 5.7 ± 4.4 (0.51)

 

59.5 ± 6.0

− 1.3 ± 9.6 (0.09)

 

 20% BWS

48.6 ± 4.1

− 6.2 ± 5.3 (0.46)

− 4.3 ± 5.6 (0.32)

51.3 ± 6.3

− 9.8 ± 4.3 (0.90)

− 5.5 ± 7.7 (0.50)

55.4 ± 4.8

− 8.0 ± 8.4 (0.56)

− 6.8 ± 6.6 (0.47)

 30% BWS

46.2 ± 2.6

− 11.3 ± 10.9 (0.86)

− 3.7 ± 5.4 (0.27)

49.9 ± 4.7

− 12.0 ± 8.8 (1.12)

− 2.5 ± 9.5 (0.22)

54.9 ± 5.0

− 8.7 ± 8.4 (0.61)

− 0.7 ± 2.2 (0.05)

Respiratory frequency (breathes·min−1)

 0% BWS

34.4 ± 4.6

  

35.6 ± 4.7

  

37.0 ± 5.1

  

 10% BWS

34.0 ± 5.1

2.2 ± 13.0 (0.12)

 

34.9 ± 5.0

− 2.2 ± 9.2 (0.13)

 

36.1 ± 4.6

− 2.8 ± 4.2 (0.20)

 

 20% BWS

33.4 ± 3.5

− 0.7 ± 10.1 (0.04)

1.3 ± 8.3 (0.07)

32.7 ± 5.7

− 7.8 ± 8.9 (0.49)

− 8.3 ± 9.9 (0.52)

33.8 ± 5.0

− 6.1 ± 4.9 (0.45)

− 6.4 ± 11.6 (0.47)

 30% BWS

29.4 ± 4.2

− 12.3 ± 19.0 (0.74)

− 13.0 ± 15.6 (0.78)

31.2 ± 2.7

− 11.3 ± 14.1 (0.71)

− 4.1 ± 16.2 (0.25)

33.6 ± 4.2

− 8.5 ± 9.4 (0.64)

1.0 ± 12.9 (0.07)

Heart rate (BPM)

 0% BWS

143 ± 5

  

150 ± 6

  

157 ± 8

  

 10% BWS

135 ± 6

− 5.0 ± 2.6 (1.33)

 

143 ± 5

− 4.8 ± 2.7 (0.99)

 

150 ± 6

− 4.7 ± 2.8 (0.87)

 

 20% BWS

126 ± 3

− 11.7 ± 3.3 (3.21)

− 7.0 ± 1.9 (1.88)

132 ± 5

− 11.9 ± 3.5 (2.52)

− 7.4 ± 2.1 (1.53)

141 ± 5

− 10.0 ± 3.9 (1.92)

− 5.6 ± 2.0 (1.05)

 30% BWS

121 ± 5

− 15.1 ± 4.9 (4.23)

− 3.9 ± 2.2 (1.03)

129 ± 7

− 14.3 ± 3.5 (3.08)

− 2.8 ± 3.2 (0.56)

137 ± 8

− 12.7 ± 4.8 (2.46)

− 2.9 ± 4.1 (0.54)

RPE (6–20 AU)

 0% BWS

13.7 ± 1.3

  

14.7 ± 1.1

  

15.6 ± 1.3

  

 10% BWS

11.9 ± 0.7

− 13.4 ± 6.9 (1.39)

 

12.6 ± 0.8

− 14.5 ± 4.7 (1.88)

 

13.6 ± 0.8

− 12.7 ± 6.7 (1.49)

 

 20% BWS

10.6 ± 0.8

− 22.8 ± 4.8 (2.51)

− 10.9 ± 4.7 (1.12)

11.4 ± 0.8

− 22.3 ± 9.4 (3.03)

− 9.1 ± 5.6 (0.45)

12.4 ± 1.0

− 20.2 ± 9.5 (2.46)

− 8.5 ± 5.5 (0.98)

 30% BWS

9.9 ± 0.9

− 28.1 ± 7.4 (3.19)

− 6.9 ± 5.0 (0.69)

11.0 ± 0.6

− 25.2 ± 9.3 (3.48)

− 3.7 ± 4.8 (1.15)

11.7 ± 0.8

− 24.7 ± 10.5 (3.10)

− 5.7 ± 4.1 (0.64)

  1. Data are means ± SD
  2. AU arbitrary units, BPM beats per minute, BWS body weight support, CL confidence limits, ES effect size, RPE rating of perceived exertion, VO 2 oxygen consumption
  3. aRepresents the difference as percent ± 90 CL and the effects between levels of BWS and 0% BWS (e.g., 0% BWS and 10% BWS; 0% BWS and 20% BWS; 0% BWS and 30% BWS)
  4. bRepresents the difference as percent ± 90 CL and the effects between 10% BWS and 20% BWS or between 20% BWS and 30% BWS