| 12.9 km·h−1 (4.03 m·s−1) | Difference between 0% BWS ± 90 CL (ES)a | Difference between BWS ± 90 CL (ES)b | 14.5 km·h−1 (4.47 m·s−1) | Difference between 0% BWS ± 90 CL (ES) | Difference between BWS ± 90 CL (ES) | 16.1 km·h−1 (4.92 m·s−1) | Difference between 0% BWS ± 90 CL (ES) | Difference between BWS ± 90 CL (ES) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stride length (m) | |||||||||
 0% BWS | 1.33 ± 0.08 |  |  | 1.55 ± 0.07 |  |  | 1.65 ± 0.08 |  |  |
 10% BWS | 1.49 ± 0.07 | 12.4 ± 1.4 (1.74) |  | 1.60 ± 0.09 | 3.2 ± 1.5 (0.64) |  | 1.69 ± 0.08 | 2.3 ± 0.4 (0.45) |  |
 20% BWS | 1.52 ± 0.07 | 14.8 ± 1.6 (2.05) | 2.2 ± 0.3 (0.31) | 1.65 ± 0.08 | 6.2 ± 0.9 (1.24) | 2.9 ± 1.0 (0.59) | 1.73 ± 0.08 | 4.6 ± 0.5 (0.87) | 2.2 ± 0.5 (0.43) |
 30% BWS | 1.62 ± 0.08 | 22.2 ± 1.7 (2.98) | 6.5 ± 0.8 (0.93) | 1.71 ± 0.09 | 10.4 ± 1.0 (2.05) | 4.0 ± 0.7 (0.81) | 1.77 ± 0.08 | 7.2 ± 0.5 (1.34) | 2.5 ± 0.5 (0.47) |
Stride rate (steps·min−1) | |||||||||
 0% BWS | 182.4 ± 3.3 |  |  | 183.9 ± 3.0 |  |  | 186.1 ± 3.9 |  |  |
 10% BWS | 181.6 ± 2.8 | − 0.4 ± 0.6 (0.20) |  | 182.9 ± 2.8 | − 0.5 ± 0.6 (0.21) |  | 184.5 ± 3.4 | − 0.9 ± 0.5 (0.37) |  |
 20% BWS | 177.9 ± 2.5 | − 2.5 ± 0.7 (1.21) | − 2.1 ± 0.5 (1.01) | 179.0 ± 1.7 | − 2.6 ± 0.8 (1.20) | − 2.2 ± 0.7 (0.99) | 181.8 ± 2.7 | − 2.3 ± 0.8 (0.99) | − 1.5 ± 0.5 (0.63) |
 30% BWS | 174.6 ± 2.4 | − 4.2 ± 0.9 (2.10) | − 1.8 ± 0.5 (0.89) | 176.5 ± 1.9 | − 4.0 ± 1.1 (1.83) | − 1.4 ± 0.5 (0.63) | 178.6 ± 2.3 | − 4.0 ± 1.1 (1.72) | − 1.7 ± 0.6 (0.73) |
Contact time (ms) | |||||||||
 0% BWS | 224.0 ± 8.2 |  |  | 210.8 ± 6.6 |  |  | 197.1 ± 6.7 |  |  |
 10% BWS | 215.6 ± 6.1 | − 3.8 ± 1.3 (1.32) |  | 205.1 ± 7.2 | − 2.7 ± 0.9 (0.77) |  | 188.3 ± 7.1 | − 4.5 ± 1.1 (1.22) |  |
 20% BWS | 204.0 ± 6.8 | − 8.9 ± 1.9 (3.22) | − 5.4 ± 1.4 (1.90) | 187.6 ± 6.2 | − 11.0 ± 0.8 (3.31) | − 8.5 ± 0.9 (2.54) | 177.8 ± 6.3 | − 9.8 ± 0.4 (2.73) | − 5.6 ± 1.3 (1.51) |
 30% BWS | 191.5 ± 8.5 | − 14.5 ± 1.4 (5.40) | − 6.1 ± 1.7 (2.18) | 180.5 ± 6.3 | − 14.4 ± 1.3 (4.42) | − 3.8 ± 0.6 (1.11) | 171.1 ± 6.7 | − 13.2 ± 0.5 (3.74) | − 3.7 ± 0.5 (1.01) |
Flight duration (ms) | |||||||||
 0% BWS | 127.5 ± 8.2 |  |  | 130.6 ± 7.7 |  |  | 137.8 ± 7.9 |  |  |
 10% BWS | 138.8 ± 6.1 | 8.9 ± 4.5 (1.15) |  | 143.1 ± 7.1 | 9.6 ± 2.3 (1.36) |  | 152.8 ± 7.9 | 10.9 ± 1.0 (1.57) |  |
 20% BWS | 160.5 ± 6.8 | 26.0 ± 2.9 (3.10) | 15.7 ± 2.9 (1.64) | 169.1 ± 8.8 | 29.5 ± 1.9 (3.84) | 18.1 ± 3.4 (2.48) | 173.1 ± 8.0 | 25.7 ± 1.5 (3.47) | 13.4 ± 1.2 (1.90) |
 30% BWS | 181.4 ± 8.5 | 42.4 ± 2.9 (4.74) | 13.0 ± 1.2 (1.96) | 185.5 ± 8.0 | 42.1 ± 2.7 (5.22) | 9.7 ± 1.3 (1.38) | 190.3 ± 9.1 | 38.2 ± 1.3 (4.90) | 9.9 ± 1.2 (1.43) |