Signs of concussion | Medically diagnosed concussion (n = 60) | No diagnosed concussion and no return to playa (n = 16) | Returned to playa (n = 80) | Diagnosed concussion vs. returned to playa | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Present | Absent | Missing | Present | Absent | Missing | Present | Absent | Missing |  |  |  |
 | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | χ2 | p | RR (90% CI) |
Unresponsiveness | 40 (24) | 58.3 (35) | 1.7 (1) | 43.8 (7) | 56.3 (9) | 0 (0) | 23.8 (19) | 75 (60) | 1.3 (1) | 4.35 | .037 | 1.52 (1.06–2.10) |
Slow to get up | 100 (60) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 100 (16) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 96.3 (77) | 3.7 (3) | 0 (0) | Not applicable | ||
Clutching head | 63.3 (38) | 36.7 (22) | 0 (0) | 87.5 (14) | 12.5 (2) | 0 (0) | 72.5 (58) | 26.3 (21) | 1.3 (1) | 1.62 | .203 | 0.77 (0.55–1.12) |
Gait ataxia | 58.3 (35) | 23.3 (14) | 18.3 (11) | 62.5 (10) | 37.5 (6) | 0 (0) | 52.5 (42) | 38.8 (31) | 8.8 (7) | 2.43 | .119 | 1.46 (0.94–2.38) |
Vacant stare | 75 (45) | 15 (9) | 10 (6) | 62.5 (10) | 37.5 (6) | 0 (0) | 47.5 (38) | 37.5 (30) | 15 (12) | 10.43 | .001 | 2.35 (1.40–4.30) |
Possible seizure | 5 (3) | 95 (57) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 100.0 (16) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 100 (80) | 0 (0) | Not applicable | ||
Total signs observed (n) | 205 | – | – | 64 | – | – | 174 | – | – | – | – | – |