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Table 5 Summary of video analysis findings for those situations in which the concussion interchange rule was used

From: Evidence of Concussion Signs in National Rugby League Match Play: a Video Review and Validation Study

Signs of concussion

Medically diagnosed concussion (n = 60)

No diagnosed concussion and no return to playa (n = 16)

Returned to playa (n = 80)

Diagnosed concussion vs. returned to playa

 

Present

Absent

Missing

Present

Absent

Missing

Present

Absent

Missing

   
 

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

χ2

p

RR (90% CI)

Unresponsiveness

40 (24)

58.3 (35)

1.7 (1)

43.8 (7)

56.3 (9)

0 (0)

23.8 (19)

75 (60)

1.3 (1)

4.35

.037

1.52 (1.06–2.10)

Slow to get up

100 (60)

0 (0)

0 (0)

100 (16)

0 (0)

0 (0)

96.3 (77)

3.7 (3)

0 (0)

Not applicable

Clutching head

63.3 (38)

36.7 (22)

0 (0)

87.5 (14)

12.5 (2)

0 (0)

72.5 (58)

26.3 (21)

1.3 (1)

1.62

.203

0.77 (0.55–1.12)

Gait ataxia

58.3 (35)

23.3 (14)

18.3 (11)

62.5 (10)

37.5 (6)

0 (0)

52.5 (42)

38.8 (31)

8.8 (7)

2.43

.119

1.46 (0.94–2.38)

Vacant stare

75 (45)

15 (9)

10 (6)

62.5 (10)

37.5 (6)

0 (0)

47.5 (38)

37.5 (30)

15 (12)

10.43

.001

2.35 (1.40–4.30)

Possible seizure

5 (3)

95 (57)

0 (0)

0 (0)

100.0 (16)

0 (0)

0 (0)

100 (80)

0 (0)

Not applicable

Total signs observed (n)

205

–

–

64

–

–

174

–

–

–

–

–

  1. Note. Video footage for 5 cases of the use of the CIR could not be located and therefore were not coded for concussion signs; there were 6 CIR cases where return to play data is missing
  2. aReturn to play refers to return to play in the same game; RR risk ratio