|
Concussion sign
|
Sign present
|
Medically Dx concussion with sign
|
Sign absent
|
Medically Dx concussion without sign
|
Sign sens
|
95% CI
|
Sign spec
|
95% CI
|
PPV
|
95% CI
|
NPV
|
95% CI
|
|---|
|
Clutching or shaking head
|
212
|
38
|
171
|
22
|
0.63
|
0.51–0.75
|
0.46
|
0.44–0.48
|
0.18
|
0.14–0.21
|
0.87
|
0.83–0.91
|
|
Slow to get up
|
223
|
60
|
160
|
0
|
1.00
|
0.93–1.00
|
0.50
|
0.48–0.50
|
0.27
|
0.25–0.27
|
1.00
|
0.97–1.00
|
|
Gait ataxia
|
102
|
35
|
281
|
25
|
0.58
|
0.46–0.70
|
0.79
|
0.77–0.81
|
0.34
|
0.27–0.41
|
0.91
|
0.86–0.94
|
|
Blank or vacant stare
|
98
|
45
|
285
|
15
|
0.75
|
0.63–0.84
|
0.84
|
0.81–0.85
|
0.46
|
0.39–0.52
|
0.95
|
0.92–0.97
|
|
Unresponsiveness
|
52
|
24
|
331
|
36
|
0.40
|
0.29–0.50
|
0.91
|
0.89–0.93
|
0.46
|
0.34–0.58
|
0.89
|
0.87–0.91
|
|
Possible seizure
|
4
|
3
|
379
|
57
|
0.05
|
0.02–0.07
|
1.00
|
0.99–1.00
|
0.75
|
0.22–0.99
|
0.85
|
0.84–0.85
|
- Note: All calculations were made using the number of times the sign was seen in concussed players, contrasted to the total number of times one or more signs (that appeared to represent a concussion) were seen (n = 383), for the entire season
- ≥ greater than or equal to, CI confidence interval, Dx diagnosed, n number, NPV negative predictive value, PPV positive predictive value, Sens sensitivity, Spec specificity
