Evidence of Concussion Signs in National Rugby League Match Play: a Video Review and Validation Study

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 3 Summary of the rates of concussion signs for the entire season, concussion-related signs, use of the CIR, and medically diagnosed concussions

Concussion sign	Entire season total	Possible concussion sign	Use of the CIR	CIR missing data^a	Medically Diagnosed concussion	Medically Diagnosed concussion missing data
Concussion sign	Entire season total	Possible concussion sign	(n = 162)^a	CIR missing data^a	(n = 60)	Medically Diagnosed concussion missing data
Unresponsiveness	52	52	50	2	24	1
Slow to get up	2240	223	153	0	60	0
Clutching head	361	212	110	1	38	0
Gait ataxia	102	102	87	18	35	11
Vacant stare^b	98	98	93	18	45	6
Possible seizure	4	4	3	0	3	0

Note: CIR concussion interchange rule
The “Entire Season Total” refers to every instance during the season that the sign was observed (whether it appeared to be a sign of concussion or not). The “Possible Concussion Sign” refers to the subset of the Entire Season Total in those instances where the sign was observed, and the sign appeared to be a possible concussion
^aVideo footage for 5 cases of the use of the CIR could not be located and therefore were not coded for concussion signs
^b The frequency of missing data for the sign ‘vacant stare’ for the entire season total was not recorded