Table 3 A list of possible risk factors for injury in runners. Evidence is only from systematic reviews and meta-analysis and does not include weak/limited evidence
Source | Risk factors for injury |
|---|---|
Zadpoor and Nikooyan [92] | Higher loading rate |
van Mechelen [59] | Running inexperience |
Previous injury | |
Running to compete | |
Excessive distance/week | |
Tonoli et al. [93] | Younger |
Previous injury | |
Less running experience | |
Van Gent et al. [49] | High mileage |
Previous injuries (BUT this was a protective factor for knee injuries) | |
Yeung and Yeung [94] | High mileage |
High frequency of training | |
High distance | |
Chuter and Janse de Jonge [95] | Excessive foot eversion (but may be a protective factor for stress fractures) |
Poor “core” stabilisation | |
Murphy et al. [96] | Regular competition |
Running on artificial turf | |
Previous injury | |
Specific to stress fractures | |
Pes cavus | |
Excessive foot inversion | |
Decreased bone mineral density | |
van der Worp et al. [97] | History of previous injury |
Having used orthotics/inserts | |
Hulme et al. [98] | History of previous injury |
Irregular and/or absent menstruation in females = stress fracture risk |