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Table 8 Frequency distribution of “optimal” endurance genotype in male Gorkha soldiers and other male Indian soldiers

From: Polygenic study of endurance-associated genetic markers ACE I/D, ACTN3 Arg(R)577Ter(X), CKMM A/G NcoI and eNOS Glu(G)298Asp(T) in male Gorkha soldiers

Gene

Symbol

Polymorphism

Genotype (2 “optimal” endurance genotype)

Frequency (%)

Gorkha (TB)

Gorkha (IA)

HAN (TB)

Indian lowlander (IA)

Gujrati Houston (GIH, IA)

Han Chinese Beijing (CHB, ST)

JPT

Caucasian (CEU)

Angiotensin converting enzyme (Peptidyl dipeptidase A)

ACE

287 bp I/D (rs1799752)

0 = DD, 1 = ID, 2 = II

10, 47, 43

12, 42, 46a

04, 55, 41a

24, 51, 25a

12, 45, 43d

12,47,41f

30,51,19g

Alpha actinin 3

ACTN3

Arg(R)577Ter(X) (rs1815739)

0 = RR, 1 = RX, 2 = XX

37, 48, 15

25, 52, 23a

19, 65, 16

18, 56, 26a

14, 59, 27c

43, 39, 17c

21, 61, 17c

20, 58, 22 c

Creatine kinase, muscle

CKMM

A/G NcoI (rs8111989)

0 = GG, 1 = AG, 2 = AA

05, 30, 65

08, 45, 47

05, 35, 60

16, 39, 46

22, 39, 38c

04, 34, 61c

05, 27, 68c

05, 43, 51 c

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

eNOS

Glu 298Asp (rs1799983)

0 = TT, 1 = GT, 2 = GG

02, 18, 80

06, 29, 65

02, 26, 72b

02, 33, 65

0, 22, 78e

14, 86, 0c

08, 51, 40 c

  1. TB Tibeto-Burman, IA Indo-Aryan, HAN high-altitude natives from Ladakh, ST Sino-Tibetan, CHB Han Chinese, Beijing, CEU Utah residents with northern and western European ancestry, GIH Gujrati Indians in Houston, Texas, JPT Japanese in Tokyo, Japan
  2. a, b, d, f, gValues from references [10, 23, 73,74,75]
  3. cData from HapMapPhase 3
  4. eData from the International HapMap Project