n | N-CG (n) | Training level | H cond. | Level of hypoxia | Training intervention | Additional hypoxia effects with respect to the CG | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weeks (s/w) | Volume | Exercise | Muscle strength | Muscle structure | ||||||
Friedman et al. [14] | 19 | Yes (9) | Untrained | NH (H room) | 12% FiO2 | 4 weeks (3) | 30% 1RM 6 × 25 reps. (Rest 60 s ) | Knee extension | 1RM (ns) MIKS (ns) End-50 (ns) | CSA (ns) Fiber TD (ns) |
Ho et al. [15] | 18 | Yes (9) | Untrained | NH (hypoxic tent) | 15% FiO2 (+10 min pre- and post-training) | 6 weeks (3) | 10RM 3 × 10RM (Rest 120 s) | Back squat | 1RM (ns) MIS-60 (ns) MIKS 60/s (ns) | |
Kon et al. [16] | 16 | Yes (7) | Untrained | NH (hypoxia room) | 14% FiO2 (+10-15 min pre- and 30-60 min post-training) | 8 weeks (2) | 70% 1RM 5 × 10 (Rest 90 s) | Bench press Leg press | 1RM (ns) | CSA (ns) |
Kurobe et al. [17] | 13 | Yes (7) | Untrained | NH (hypoxia room) | 13% FiO2 (+30 min pre-training +60 min post-training) | 8 weeks (3) | 10RM 3× rep. to failure (Rest 60 s) | Elbow extension | 10RM (ns) | |
30 | Yes (10) | Well-trained netball players | NH (face mask) | 80% SaO2 | 5 weeks (3) | 20% 1RM 3× rep. to failure (Rest 30 s) | Knee flexion Knee extension | MIS-80°▲ MIS-30▲ End-20▲ | CSA ▲ | |
Nishimura et al. [31] | 14 | Yes (7) | Untrained | NH (hypoxia room) | 16% FiO2 (+30 min pre- and post-training) | 6 weeks (2) | 70% 1RM 4 × 10 reps. (rest 60 s) | Elbow extension Elbow flexion | 1RM (ns) | CSA (ns) |