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Table 5 Body composition of included study estimates across the season

From: Total Energy Expenditure, Energy Intake, and Body Composition in Endurance Athletes Across the Training Season: A Systematic Review

 

Preparation

Competition

Transition

Endurance discipline

n

Body mass [kg]

Body fat [%]

Fat-free mass [kg]

n

Body mass [kg]

Body fat [%]

Fat-free mass [kg]

n

Body mass [kg]

Body fat [%]

Fat-free mass [kg]

Cyclists a

 Total

60

67.8 ± 6.5

16.7 ± 6.8

55.4 ± 9.2

49

75.3 ± 3.3

15.1 ± 1.3

62.5 ± 4.7

–

–

–

–

 Male

31

73.3 ± 4.2

11.6 ± 1.7

64.1 ± 2.7

49

75.3 ± 3.3

15.1 ± 1.3

62.5 ± 4.7

–

–

–

–

 Female

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Runners a

 Total

77

58.0 ± 5.7

12.5 ± 4.5

50.7 ± 7.2

74

60.7 ± 6.4

14.5 ± 5.2

50.4 ± 6.8

40

58.4 ± 5.3

15.6 ± 4.7

49.4 ± 7.3

 Male

35

62.3 ± 5.3

9.2 ± 2.4

57.1 ± 5.8

39

63.4 ± 7.8

10.3 ± 3.6

55.7 ± 4.6

15

64.8 ± 2.1

9.6 ± 0.9

58.5 ± 2.5

 Female

42

54.4 ± 2.6

16.7 ± 2.7

45.3 ± 1.7

35

57.7 ± 1.5

19.2 ± 0.7

44.4 ± 2.3

25

54.5 ± 1.4

19.1 ± 0.5

44.0 ± 1.0

Swimmers a

 Total

166

69.1 ± 6.0

18.3 ± 5.6

54.8 ± 8.0

93

69.9 ± 6.5

16.0 ± 5.0

57.5 ± 8.2

–

–

–

–

 Male

83

73.5 ± 2.7

12.9 ± 1.3

63.1 ± 2.4

56

75.5 ± 2.8

12.2 ± 1.2

64.4 ± 4.7

–

–

–

–

 Female

83

63.5 ± 2.5

23.7 ± 1.4

47.6 ± 1.1

37

63.5 ± 2.2

21.8 ± 2.2

49.5 ± 1.3

–

–

–

–

Rowers a

 Total

54

78.1 ± 10.7

16.1 ± 7.1

65.8 ± 13.8

39

80.7 ± 10.1

14.3 ± 6.5

66.0 ± 12.2

–

–

–

–

 Male

36

84.7 ± 5.6

11.3 ± 1.1

75.1 ± 4.9

29

86.2 ± 4.0

10.5 ± 1.0

72.9 ± 3.4

–

–

–

–

 Female

18

64.8 ± 3.2

25.8 ± 2.5

47.4 ± 0.4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Cross-country skiers a

 Total

76

63.7 ± 5.9

15.7 ± 5.7

53.9 ± 7.7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Male

34

69.3 ± 2.3

10.3 ± 1.6

62.2 ± 1.7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Female

42

59.2 ± 3.5

20.1 ± 3.6

47.1 ± 0.9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Triathletes a

 Total

48

64.2 ± 3.3

13.6 ± 3.3

54.8 ± 5.2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Male

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Female

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Other endurance athletes a

Total

142

67.9 ± 6.8

15.7 ± 4.2

57.5 ± 8.0

22

71.8 ± 11.0

18.5 ± 2.5

58.8 ± 10.6

–

–

–

–

 Male

90

72.6 ± 3.2

13.0 ± 2.7

62.8 ± 4.3

15

79.2 ± 0.2

16.8 ± 0.2

65.8 ± 0.3

–

–

–

–

 Female

52

59.8 ± 1.5

20.3 ± 1.6

48.2 ± 2.0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Total

 Total

623

67.5 ± 7.1b

15.9 ± 5.7

55.8 ± 9.2b

291

70.8 ± 8.6

15.2 ± 4.8

57.6 ± 9.5

95

65.3 ± 7.1b

15.1 ± 4.8

54.0 ± 7.2b

 Male

347

72.0 ± 6.7b,c

11.8 ± 2.3b,c

63.0 ± 5.9c

202

74.5 ± 8.1

12.6 ± 2.8

62.9 ± 6.9

54

69.7 ± 3.4b

11.2 ± 1.7b

59.8 ± 1.9b

 Female

276

60.5 ± 4.1

21.6 ± 3.6c

47.0 ± 1.6

89

60.2 ± 4.4

21.2 ± 2.4

47.0 ± 3.0

41

59.4 ± 6.4

20.2 ± 1.4

46.2 ± 2.9

  1. Note. Data are shown in weighted mean and standard deviation of the weighted mean (X̅w ± SDw)
  2. n = cumulative number of subjects, – = insufficient data
  3. aData not normal distributed. To limit the risk of type I error no statistical comparison between seasonal training phases differentiated by sex and endurance discipline were performed
  4. bSignificantly different from competition phase (p < 0.05)
  5. cSignificantly different from transition phase (p < 0.05)
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