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Table 4 Energy intake in kcal/day and kcal/kg/day of endurance athletes in preparation and competition phase

From: Total Energy Expenditure, Energy Intake, and Body Composition in Endurance Athletes Across the Training Season: A Systematic Review

 

Preparation

Competition

Endurance discipline

n

Energy intake [kcal/day]

Energy intake [kcal/kg·day]

n

Energy intake [kcal/day]

Energy intake [kcal/kg·day]

Cyclists

 Total

46

3789 ± 764d,e,f

52.3 ± 13.3d,e

133

3600 ± 1102d

46.9 ± 17.7d,f

 Male

46

3789 ± 764d,e

52.3 ± 13.3d,e

125

3603 ± 1137

45.9 ± 18.0

 Female

–

–

–

–

–

–

Runners

 Total

278

2489 ± 425a

38.2 ± 7.8a

272

3042 ± 788

42.7 ± 4.7

 Male

207

2640 ± 366a,b,f

38.3 ± 8.6a

203

3298 ± 713b

43.8 ± 3.2b

 Female

71

2046 ± 230a

38.0 ± 4.6c

69

2291 ± 443

39.4 ± 6.4

Swimmers

 Total

73

3366 ± 902a,d,e,g

48.7 ± 9.6a,d,e

55

2769 ± 681g,h

40.1 ± 7.7g

 Male

39

3963 ± 762a,b

53.2 ± 9.5a,b,d,e

24

3462 ± 341b

46.2 ± 6.5b

 Female

34

2683 ± 450a,d,e

43.6 ± 6.9a,e

31

2234 ± 256

35.4 ± 4.7

Rowers

 Total

70

2426 ± 448a

33.9 ± 4.5a

15

3633 ± 1097

46.8 ± 10.9

 Male

24

2921 ± 326b,f

36.0 ± 0.1b

–

–

–

 Female

46

2168 ± 330

32.8 ± 5.2c

–

–

–

Cross-country skiers

 Total

138

3224 ± 917a,d,e,g

48.3 ± 12.7a,d,e

33

2091 ± 53.2d,e,f,g

32.7 ± 2.9c

 Male

124

3287 ± 876d,f,g

48.3 ± 11.6d,e

–

–

–

 Female

14

2663 ± 1107d,e

49.1 ± 20.3

–

–

–

Triathletes

 Total

16

3162 ± 159d,e

45.7 ± 2.6e

–

–

–

 Male

16

3162 ± 159f,g

45.7 ± 2.6

–

–

–

 Female

–

–

–

–

–

–

Other endurance athletes

 Total

96

3261 ± 282a,d,e,g

46.5 ± 5.1a,d,e

14

4656 ± 1070

–

 Male

90

3274 ± 286a,d,f,g

46.3 ± 5.2a,d,e,f

14

d,f,g,h

–

 Female

–

–

–

–

4656 ± 1070c

–

–

Total

 Total

717

2915 ± 761a

42.8 ± 10.5

531

3156 ± 967

43.5 ± 11.3

 Male

546

3111 ± 717a,b

44.0 ± 10.6b

407

3405 ± 940b

44.8 ± 11.9b

 Female

171

2291 ± 525

39.0 ± 9.1

124

2337 ± 483

39.3 ± 7.9

  1. Note. Data are shown in weighted mean and standard deviation of the weighted mean (X̅w ± SDw)
  2. n = cumulative number of subjects, – = insufficient data
  3. aSignificantly different from athletes of the same endurance discipline and sex during competition phase (p < 0.01)
  4. bSignificantly different from females of the same endurance discipline and seasonal training phase (p < 0.01)
  5. cSignificantly different from all other endurance disciplines of the same sex and seasonal training phase (p < 0.05)
  6. dSignificantly different to runners of the same sex and seasonal training phase (p < 0.05)
  7. eSignificantly different to rowers of the same sex and seasonal training phase (p < 0.05)
  8. fSignificantly different to swimmers of the same sex and seasonal training phase (p < 0.05)
  9. gSignificantly different to cyclists of the same sex and seasonal training phase (p < 0.05)
  10. hSignificantly different to cross-country skiers of the same sex and seasonal training phase (p < 0.05)