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Table 3 Physical characteristics of included study estimates

From: Total Energy Expenditure, Energy Intake, and Body Composition in Endurance Athletes Across the Training Season: A Systematic Review

Endurance discipline (N)

n

Age [years]

Height [cm]

Body mass [kg]

BMI [kg/m2]

VO2max [mL/kg min]

Train load [h/week]b

Cyclists

 Total (18)

313

30.9 ± 6.1

177 ± 5

75.4 ± 5.9

23.4 ± 1.6

62.4 ± 6.2

14.0 ± 8.5

 Male (16)

276

31.8 ± 5.6

179 ± 3

74.4 ± 5.5

23.6 ± 1.6

65.0 ± 4.8

15.2 ± 9.6

 Female (2)

37

24.2 ± 0.5

166 ± 1

61.2 ± 1.1

22.1 ± 0.6

55.8 ± 4.0

–

Runners

 Total (23)a

465

30.3 ± 7.1

172 ± 5

64.1 ± 7.4

20.3 ± 1.3

61.7 ± 7.2

8.6 ± 4.2

 Male (16)

330

31.4 ± 6.9

175 ± 3

67.9 ± 5.5

20.6 ± 1.4

64.3 ± 6.7

8.6 ± 4.3

 Female (13)

135

27.4 ± 6.7

167 ± 3

55.6 ± 2.2

19.9 ± 1.0

57.3 ± 5.8

8.7 ± 4.0

Swimmers

 Total (16)a

275

19.9 ± 1.5

176 ± 6

69.5 ± 5.9

22.4 ± 0.7

–

17.2 ± 10.3

 Male (10)

141

20.3 ± 1.9

181 ± 3

74.3 ± 3.2

22.7 ± 0.7

–

13.4 ± 5.6

 Female (10)

134

19.4 ± 0.4

170 ± 4

63.9 ± 2.5

22.0 ± 0.5

–

23.1 ± 12.8

Rowers

 Total (14)

151

20.2 ± 1.0

180 ± 9

76.1 ± 10.3

23.5 ± 1.0

54.6 ± 8.5

7.2 ± 2.4

 Male (9)

89

20.6 ± 1.0

188 ± 3

85.4 ± 5.0

24.0 ± 0.9

–

7.2 ± 2.4

 Female (5)

62

19.6 ± 0.6

171 ± 2

66.3 ± 2.2

22.9 ± 0.7

–

–

Cross-country skiers

 Total (6)a

166

25.0 ± 4.3

175 ± 5

65.9 ± 4.5

21.5 ± 0.7

61.9 ± 4.3

11.5 ± 0.5

 Male (5)

124

26.2 ± 4.2

177 ± 2

68.1 ± 1.4

21.7 ± 0.6

–

11.7 ± 0.4

 Female (3)

42

21.3 ± 1.3

168 ± 2

59.2 ± 3.5

21.0 ± 0.8

–

–

Triathletes

 Total (4)a

78

25.1 ± 4.2

175 ± 3

66.2 ± 3.6

21.6 ± 0.7

65.3 ± 0.4

11.4 ± 2.0

 Male (4)

68

25.8 ± 4.0

176 ± 0

67.5 ± 1.8

21.8 ± 0.5

65.3 ± 0.4

11.6 ± 2.1

 Female (1)

10

–

–

–

–

–

–

Other endurance athletes

 Total (13)a

226

25.2 ± 4.0

176 ± 6

69.1 ± 6.7

22.5 ± 1.1

61.7 ± 4.7

10.5 ± 3.8

 Male (12)

167

25.5 ± 4.0

178 ± 3

72.7 ± 3.4

22.9 ± 0.9

63.8 ± 3.8

11.2 ± 4.5

 Female (4)

59

24.5 ± 3.7

168 ± 1

59.3 ± 1.8

21.3 ± 0.6

56.8 ± 2.3

9.1 ± 0.7

Total

 Total (82)a

1674

26.3 ± 6.7

176 ± 6

68.7 ± 8.0

22.2 ± 1.5

61.8 ± 6.0

12.0 ± 6.9

 Male (63)

1195

27.7 ± 6.8

179 ± 4

72.1 ± 6.5

22.6 ± 1.5

64.4 ± 4.8

11.6 ± 5.6

 Female (34)

479

22.9 ± 5.1

169 ± 3

60.5 ± 4.5

21.4 ± 1.2

56.6 ± 4.6

12.8 ± 9.0

  1. Note. Data are shown in weighted mean and standard deviation of the weighted mean (X̅w ± SDw)
  2. N = number of studies, n = cumulative number of subjects, BMI body mass index, – = insufficient data
  3. aSum of male and female studies not equal to total as in certain studies both sexes were assessed
  4. bCalculated as the following: 1 h of training = 25 km cycling or 10 km running or 2 km swimming