Table 5 Pooled within monozygotic (MZ) twin pair correlations (95% confidence intervals)

Body fat percentage (%)

0.55 (0.32–0.72)***

(n = 72)

Poehlam A et al. (1987)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Hopkins N et al. (2012)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Hamel P et al. (1986)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Afman G et al. (1988)

0.63 (0.36–0.80)***

(n = 41)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Afman G et al. (1988)

0.58 (−0.04–0.87)

(n = 17)

Poehlam A et al. (1987)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

BMI

0.69 (0.49–0.82)***

(n = 58)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Hopkins N et al. (2012)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Afman G et al. (1988)

0.63 (0.36–0.80)***

(n = 41)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Afman G et al. (1988)

0.63 (−0.13–0.93)

(n = 11)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Fat free mass (kg)

0.57 (0.35–0.73)***

(n = 73)

Poehlam A et al. (1987)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Hopkins N et al. (2012)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Hamel P et al. (1986)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Afman G et al. (1988)

0.52 (0.19–0.75)**

(n = 38)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Afman G et al. (1988)

0.80 (0.39–0.95)**

(n = 17)

Poehlam A et al. (1987)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Fat mass (kg)

0.58 (0.13–0.83)*

(n = 48)

Poehlam A et al. (1987)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Hamel P et al. (1986)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

0.85 (0.63–0.94)***

(n = 25)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

0.40 (−0.26–0.81)

(n = 17)

Poehlam A et al. (1987)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Fat mass to fat free mass ratio

0.69 (0.42–0.85)***

(n = 36)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Hamel P et al. (1986)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

0.85 (0.61–0.95)***

(n = 19)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

0.62 (−0.15–0.92)

(n = 11)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Waist circumference (cm)

0.50 (0.09–0.77)*

(n = 27)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

0.36 (−0.15–0.72)

(n = 20)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

0.83 (0.21–0.97)*

(n = 7)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hip circumference (cm)

0.51 (0.11–0.77)*

(n = 27)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

0.58 (0.13–0.83)*

(n = 20)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

0.25 (−0.62–0.84)

(n = 7)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Waist to hip ratio

0.29 (−0.16–0.64)

(n = 27)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

0.27 (−0.24–0.66)

(n = 20)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

0.35 (−0.55–0.87)

(n = 7)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Sum of skin folds (cm)

0.67 (0.37–0.85)***

(n = 30)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

0.78 (0.46–0.92)***

(n = 19)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

0.51 (−0.30–0.89)

(n = 11)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Trunk fat

0.52 (0.12–0.78)*

(n = 27)

Hopkins N et al. (2012)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

0.67 (0.22–0.89)**

(n = 14)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

0.15 (−0.68–0.81)

(n = 7)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Extremity skin fold (cm)

0.54 (−0.39–0.92)

(n = 21)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

0.78 (0.43–0.93)**

(n = 14)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

0.00 (−0.75–0.75)

(n = 7)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Trunk to extremity ratio

0.48 (−0.30–0.88)

(n = 21)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

0.70 (0.27–0.90)**

(n = 14)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

0.00 (−0.75–0.75)

(n = 7)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Weight (kg)

0.67 (0.48–0.79)***

(n = 73)

Poehlam A et al. (1987)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Hopkins N et al. (2012)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Hamel P et al. (1986)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Afman G et al. (1988)

0.70 (0.46–0.84)***

(n = 41)

Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011)

Hainer V et al. (2000)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Afman G et al. (1988)

0.45 (−0.20–0.83)

(n = 17)

Poehlam A et al. (1987)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Absolute VO₂ max (L.min⁻¹)

0.38 (0.04–0.64)*

(n = 42)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hamel P et al. (1986)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Afman G et al. (1988)

0.74 (−0.18–0.97)

(n = 21)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Afman G et al. (1988)

0.49 (−0.33–0.89)

(n = 11)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Relative VO₂ max (mL.min⁻¹.kg⁻¹)

0.39 (0.07–0.64)*

(n = 48)

Hopkins N et al. (2012)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Hamel P et al. (1986)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Afman G et al. (1988)

0.51 (0.06–0.79)*

(n = 21)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)

Afman G et al. (1988)

0.40 (−0.43–0.86)

(n = 11)

Bouchard C et al. (1994)

Prud’Homme D et al. (1984)