Table 3 Summary of results pre and post 3 months

Weight (kg)

85.0 ± 18.6

84.1 ± 17.9

82.2 ± 19.4

81.5 ± 19.5

0.64

0.06

0.80

BMI (kg/m²)

30.4 ± 5.8

30.1 ± 5.4

28.6 ± 5.2

28.3 ± 5.3

0.29

0.06

0.80

VF (%)

12.5 ± 5

12.7 ± 4.8

10.9 ± 4.1

9.7 ± 4.2‡†

0.10

0.16

0.04

HbA1c (mmol/mol )

71.7 ± 18.9

72.5 ± 20.9

65.4 ± 17.9

55.9 ± 12.7‡†

0.04

0.08

0.03

HOMA-IR

5.6 ± 4.7

5.2 ± 4.4

6.4 ± 6.8

5.0 ± 4.4

0.84

0.05

0.31

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

196.3 ± 44.2

216.9 ± 47.9*

198.3 ± 50.3

186.8 ± 35.1

0.33

0.35

0.002

LDL/HDL (mg/dl)

2.6 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 1.1*

2.5 ± 0.5

2.4 ± 0.6†

0.2

0.2

0.03

SBP rest (mmHg)

127 ± 16.9

131.7 ± 24.6

129.7 ± 16.3

118 ± 12‡†

0.24

0.34

0.02

DBP rest (mmHg)

89.3 ± 7.3

859 ± 13.8

92.1 ± 10.5

81.8 ± 6

0.82

<0.001

0.06

 Triciptal

2.3 ± 1

2.1 ± 0.7

2.2 ± 0.6

1.6 ± 0.5‡†

0.16

<0.001

<0.001

 Biciptal

1.4 ± 0.8

1.3 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.4

0.7 ± 0.3‡†

0.06

<0.001

<0.001

 Subscapular

3.4 ± 1.1

3.6 ± 0.9

3.2 ± 0.9

2.4 ± 0.9‡†

0.02

<0.001

<0.001

 Suprailiac

3.2 ± 1.3

3.5 ± 1.5

3.3 ± 1.1

2.2 ± 0.9‡†

0.11

0.003

<0.001

 Abdominal

4.8 ± 1.8

4.7 ± 1.8

4.3 ± 1.6

3.1 ± 1.1‡†

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 Thigh

2.8 ± 1.0

2.7 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 1.4

1.7 ± 0.8‡†

0.34

<0.001

<0.001

 Arm

34.4 ± 4.2

36.1 ± 7.8

33.8 ± 3.7

33.3 ± 3.8

0.25

0.44

0.13

 Axillary

108 ± 11.5

106.7 ± 11.6

105.9 ± 11.3

101.2 ± 13†

0.30

0.002

0.06

 Xiphoid

102.2 ± 12.6

101.6 ± 12.5

99 ± 12.3

96.7 ± 12.5‡†

0.31

<0.001

0.02

 Waist

100.8 ± 13.5

100.4 ± 13.3

95.3 ± 13

91.5 ± 13.6‡†

0.09

<0.001

<0.001

 Umbilicus

105.2 ± 12.5

104.6 ± 12.1

98 ± 16.4

95 ± 11.9

0.04

0.15

0.32

 Hip

104.2 ± 11.2

103.3 ± 8.6

102.9 ± 9.8

99 ± 8.7

0.33

0.02

0.17

 Thigh

57.4 ± 5.4

56.7 ± 5.7

55.8 ± 7.5

56.7 ± 6.1

0.70

0.91

0.22