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Table 2 Regression analysis of significant covariates for clinical improvement

From: Image-Guided Hyaluronic Acid Injection and Knee Bracing Significantly Improve Clinical Outcomes for High-Grade Osteoarthritis

 

OA grade 2 (n = 58)

OA grade 3 (n = 98)

OA grade 4 (n = 51)

Function index linear regression

Parameter estimate

P value

Parameter estimate

P value

Parameter estimate

P value

 Knee bracing

+2.69

0.67

+2.56

0.51

+10.81

0.04

 Daily analgesics

−5.58

0.38

−8.6

0.03

−13.94

0.003

Logistic regression (>9-point improvement)

Odds ratio [95 % C.I.]

P value

Odds ratio [95 % C.I.]

P value

Odds ratio [95 % C.I.]

P value

 Knee bracing

2.4 [0.66–8.81]

0.19

1.22 [0.45–2.22]

0.70

5.54 [1.14–27.0]

0.03

 Daily analgesics

0.12 [0.03–0.53]

0.005

0.55 [0.18–1.63]

0.28

0.12 [0.03–0.61]

0.009

Average pain index linear regression

Parameter estimate

P value

Parameter estimate

P value

Parameter estimate

P value

 Knee bracing

+0.94

0.25

+0.30

0.67

+1.81

0.10

 Daily analgesics

−0.59

0.46

−1.06

0.14

−2.15

0.03

 Physical therapy

+2.11

0.004

−0.25

0.73

−1.30

0.22

  1. In addition to intra-articular HA injection, knee bracing significantly improved clinical outcomes with positive (+) effect on clinical indices at 6 months in severe (grade 4) osteoarthritis (OA) analyzed by both linear and logistic regression. In contrast, daily analgesic use was a sign of poor clinical response to treatment with worsening scores (−)